Understanding the Signs of Breast Cancer in Women and Men

Signs of Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer Types
Examinations
Breast Cancer Awareness Month 2025 at Calo

Breast cancer starts when certain breast cells mutate and begin growing out of control. Instead of dying when they’re supposed to, these cells keep multiplying and form a mass. You might notice it as a lump, a change in breast texture or color, or other unusual symptoms.

Most cases begin in the lobules (the milk-producing glands) or in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple. However, cancer can also form in the breast’s fatty or connective tissue. The real danger is when these abnormal cells spread beyond their original spot. They can move into nearby healthy tissue and reach the lymph nodes under the arm, giving them access to travel to other parts of the body.

Breast cancer isn’t exclusive to women, men can get it too, although it’s rare due to having less breast tissue. Many people hear the term "breast cancer" and think it refers to one disease, but that’s not the case. There are several types, and each behaves differently and responds to treatment in its own way. Understanding these differences helps you make sense of a diagnosis, whether it affects you or someone you care about.

Signs of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer symptoms don't look the same for everyone. Some people experience several symptoms, while others may notice almost nothing. That’s why early detection is so important, you shouldn’t wait for pain or visible signs before getting checked. If you notice any of the following changes, it’s best to schedule a screening with a specialist:

A new lump or swelling in or near the breast
A change in the breast’s size, shape, or thickness, even if swelling could be caused by other factors
Skin irritation or dimpling on the breast or around the nipple
Any type of discharge from the nipple (other than breast milk), including blood
Persistent pain, tenderness, or a hardened area in the breast

Breast Cancer Types

Breast cancer isn’t just one disease, it comes in different types, each with its own level of severity and behavior. These differences can affect how the breast looks or feels, and they also determine how the condition is treated. Medical imaging and lab tests play a major role in identifying the type of cancer, how far it has spread, and the best treatment plan. Here’s an overview of the most common types:

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)

This is the most common form, making up about 70%–80% of cases. It begins in the milk ducts but eventually spreads to surrounding breast tissue and sometimes to other parts of the body. Despite how common it is, IDC can be tricky to spot on a mammogram.

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)

In this early-stage cancer, abnormal cells are found in the lining of the milk ducts, but they haven’t spread beyond them. Since it’s contained, DCIS is highly treatable when detected early.

Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS)

Despite the name, LCIS isn’t actually cancer. It means abnormal cells are present in the lobules (milk-producing glands), but they haven’t invaded nearby tissue. It’s considered a risk marker rather than an active cancer, which means regular monitoring is recommended.

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC)

This type starts in the lobules and spreads into surrounding breast tissue. Like other invasive cancers, it can also travel through the lymphatic system or bloodstream to other parts of the body. ILC is sometimes harder to detect on a mammogram, so doctors may rely on MRI scans for a clearer view.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)

This is one of the more aggressive types because the cancer cells lack three key receptors (estrogen, progesterone, and HER2). Without these receptors, standard hormone therapies don’t work. However, TNBC often responds well to chemotherapy, especially when caught early, which is why treatment usually begins with it.

Breast Cancer Examinations

There are several ways to detect breast cancer, ranging from professional medical tests to simple self-checks you can do at home. Understanding how each one works can help you stay informed and proactive. Here are the examination methods:

Breast Ultrasound

A breast ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the tissue inside the breast. It helps identify any unusual masses and determine their exact location. During the exam, a gel is applied to the breast, and a handheld device (called a transducer) is moved across the skin. It’s a painless procedure and plays a valuable role in early detection.

Mammogram

Although some people worry about discomfort or radiation, a mammogram remains one of the most reliable tools for early breast cancer detection. It works like an X-ray but is specifically designed to capture detailed images of breast tissue. Detecting cancer early through a mammogram can make treatment much more effective.

Breast Self Examination (BSE)

You can also check your breasts at home through observation and touch. To examine by touch, use the three middle fingers and move them in small circular motions across all areas of the breast and the surrounding tissue. Apply light, medium, and firm pressure to feel different depths. Try performing the check while standing, lying down, or in front of a mirror for better visibility. Here’s what to look for:

Changes in size, shape, or color
Skin dimpling, bulging, or texture changes
Nipple discharge or changes in nipple direction
Any new lumps or hardened areas

Breast Cancer Awareness Day 2025 at Calo

Calo isn’t just a healthy food delivery app, we also use our platform to raise awareness about important causes, including Breast Cancer Awareness Month in October.

Each year, a percentage of our revenue goes to local charities supporting the fight against breast cancer. Our team proudly wears pink throughout the month to stand with the community, and even our meals are delivered in pink packaging as a sign of solidarity during pink October

We make healthy food with care, and we send our love and strength to every breast cancer fighter on their journey to recovery.

FAQ

What factors can increase the risk of breast cancer?

Several factors may contribute to breast cancer, including age, being overweight, alcohol consumption, family history of the disease, prior radiation exposure, and certain reproductive or hormonal factors. Smoking and hormone therapy after menopause can also raise the risk.

Is an ultrasound better than a mammogram for screening?

It depends on the individual case, and the doctor will decide which method is most suitable. However, mammography is generally considered the main and most reliable screening tool for early breast cancer detection. Ultrasound is often used as a complementary test when needed.

What causes breast swelling or enlargement, and is it always serious?

Breast swelling can have many causes, often hormonal and harmless, especially before a menstrual cycle. Still, regular medical checkups are recommended to rule out any underlying issues.

What are the first signs of breast cancer?

Early symptoms of breast cancer include:

A lump in the breast or under the armpit
Changes in breast shape or texture, such as dimpling or tightening
Unusual discharge from the nipple, especially if it’s bloody

When is breast cancer awareness day?

Breast Cancer Awareness runs throughout October, but specific events to raise awareness and collect donations usually take place between the 13th and 15th, depending on the country. It’s when individuals wear a pink cancer ribbon to show support from all over the world.

Is breast cancer in male a real thing?

While rare, breast cancer in men can happen. Signs may include a lump near the nipple or nipple discharge or bleeding. Risk factors include genetics, obesity, and liver disease. It typically occurs in older men, but the overall occurrence is very low.

How many stages of breast cancer are there?

There are 5 stages, starting from 0-4.

We hope this helped clarify the signs of breast cancer and the importance of regular checkups. You can read more articles like gut health check guide or the truth about fast metabolism, and more articles on the Calo blog.